Objective: Turn at Standard Rate (3 degrees/second) to a target heading while maintaining altitude and airspeed. Remember "step on the ball" (rudder pedal users only.) > Use the rudder controls to center the black ball under the TC. KEEP ALL CORRECTIONS SMALL AND CONTROLLED. Use the attitude indicator to back up pitch changes. If high, trend low on the VSI (as shown above.) If low, trend high on the VSI. > Scan, Scan, Scan! Do not fixate on or overlook any of the six primary instruments. > Make small heading corrections at small bank angles, no more than half standard rate as shown on the TC. > Maintain altitude to within 50' airspeed within 5 knots heading within 5 degrees. (reduced pitch for high altitude deviation) Do NOT allow a minor deviation to become a major one! KEEP SCANNING THE INSTRUMENTS. > Correct minor deviations in heading, airspeed, or altitude as soon as they are noticed. Cross reference with the Altitude and VSI to be sure of maintaining proper pitch. > Use the Attitude Indicator (center) to maintain pitch attitude. In real aircraft, this is an essential part of precision flying. > Use trim to relieve control pressures. Level cruise power should be somewhere around 2250 RPM. > Adjust power to maintain 100 knots indicated. > Do not reduce power from climb setting until the airplane has accelerated to cruise airspeed (100 KIAS) if clmbing at 500 fpm, begin leveling off 50 feet below target altitude (3950' in this case.) > From a full-power climb, begin leveloff at 10% of the climb rate below target altitude: e.g. Continue full-power climb out at 70-75 KIAS to 4,000 feet, level off, and establish 100 knots indicated airspeed (100 KIAS.) The instruments should look something like this: From Chillicothe Muni (KCHT), climb straight out to 1000 AGL (about 1800' MSL), then begin a turn to 090 degrees (due E) while continuing climb. Objective: Fly on a constant heading, at constant altitude and airspeed. Don't forget to use trim in these maneuvers- it will help maintain a preset attitude and reduce fatigue due to constant pressure on the controls.Ĭlouds: Low Stratus Layer, bases 1,000 AGL tops 6,000 AGLĪltimeter: standard sea level pressure (29.92)ĪIRPORT: Chillicothe Municipal (KCHT) field elevation 785' This is the beginning of precision flying even slight deviations should be corrected as soon as they are detected. The main instruments to be used are Airspeed Indicator, Attitude Indicator, Altimeter, VSI, Directional Gyro (DG), and Turn Coordinator (TC.) A general tip for this lesson is to keep control inputs small. This lesson will teach the basics of maneuvering the aircraft precisely without outside visual references. IFR LESSON ONE: MANEUVERING ON INSTRUMENTS